甘肃省张掖市甘州城区和外围地下水位上升的原因 及其诱发地质灾害的防治对策   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张荷生  尹政  崔振卿 《地质通报》2008,27(3):404-413

根据对地下水的均衡状况、水文地球化学、环境同位素、气象水文条件、地下水流场、区域地质构造变化的研究结果,确定张掖市甘州城区及其外围地下水位上升的主要原因是,地震错断了上部第四系松散层内的隔水层,使中心地带的基底与祁连山区相连的北西向深大断裂带变为导水通道,增大了越流补给量,盆地地下水补给量增加,地下水位大面积上升。关于地下水位上升诱发的地质灾害治理方案的总体思路是,为达到“长治久安”的效果,在城区范围内实施水平排水工程措施,在急需解决城区地下建筑物降水的地段和城区东北部的重灾区实施垂直管井排水工程措施。  相似文献   

地面核磁共振模型约束反演含水层参数   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张继令  翁爱华 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2008,38(4)

导电模型的地面核磁共振感应电动势是含水量的非线性函数.引入模型约束的迭代反演方法求解该非线性问题的反演.在反演过程中,根据理论公式计算迭代过程中灵敏度矩阵,并采用平坦模型和光滑模型两种约束.对均匀半空间、层状导电模型和实际数据进行了反演模拟,结果表明,模型约束迭代反演方法能从地面核磁共振感应电动势获得含水层较为合理的含水量及分布,且该结果可以从作为初始模型的均匀含水量分布反演得到.对无噪音数据,平坦模型和光滑模型约束对反演的含水量分布影响不大;但当数据存在一定的噪音时,平坦模型约束将比光滑模型约束获得更为精确的含水层参数.  相似文献   

区域矿产评价模型——以赤峰红花沟金矿为例   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

娄德波  肖克炎  孙艳  雷万杉  王淼  丁建华  范华军 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2008,38(4)

在矿床模型综合地质信息预测方法中,区域矿产评价模型包括远景区圈定要素组合、远景区优选要素组合、矿床数估计要素组合和资源量估算要素组合,它们成功地解决了矿产预测中的信息不对称以及知识驱动和数据驱动相结合的问题.通过对赤峰燕山期红花沟式岩浆热液型金矿资源的定位、定量预测,共圈定远景区11个,其中A类远景区4个,B类远景区3个,C类远景区4个;预测潜在矿床数8个,潜在资源量306.532 t.本区该类型金矿资源潜力巨大,具有很好的找矿远景.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯高原地下水流系统的多层结构循环模式—来自深孔中PACKER系统分层水头测定的证据   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵振宏  王冬  陶正平  李瑛 《地质通报》2008,27(8):1131-1137

地下水流系统和循环模式分析是研究地下水形成机理的基础,对正确认识和评价地下水资源具有重要意义。鄂尔多斯高原在含水系统和众多地下水排泄区的控制下,形成了多个不同规模、不同循环深度、相互独立的地下水流系统。PACKER系统分层试验测定的不同深度水头的数据证明,鄂尔多斯高原地下水流系统存在托斯多层水流模式,区域性水流系统一般包含浅循环、中间循环和深循环3个循环系统。浅循环系统的发育深度在200m以内,深循环系统的发育深度大于400m。  相似文献   

煤层气开采对环境的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

严群  ;王庆伟  ;李金海 《中国煤炭地质》2008,(12):57-59

煤层气是一种廉价、洁净、高效的新型能源,其开发利用可以弥补常规天然气和燃油的不足,750m^3煤层气可顶替1t标准煤。煤层气开发对环境的影响主要是减少了煤矿甲烷气体的排放,降低温室效应。其负面影响是在钻探、压裂、回注水和提纯过程中会造成煤层和煤层气中杂质气体和有毒有害物质富集,对大气和地下水造成污染。  相似文献   

抚顺煤层气赋存特征及资源评价研究     

郭震  裴炳浩 《中国煤炭地质》2008,20(5):26-28

抚顺矿区城市下压煤面积6km^2,煤炭储量23901．5万t。通过对矿区地质特征、煤储层特征分析．认为区内煤层气含量高（9．81～24．53m^3／t）,煤层中大空隙多,透气性好,渗透率较高（0．24～3．60mD）。煤层直接顶板为厚100m左右的致密油页岩,底板为泥岩、凝灰岩,具有良好的封闭条件。根据矿区多年测试资料,采用容积法得出区内煤层气资源量为30．53亿m^3。综合开发煤层气资源符合东北老矿区的实际,其将为复苏东北重工业基地提供有效的洁净能源。  相似文献   

浅谈太湖流域饮用水安全与地下水保护     

肖裕生  钟华平  谢石连 《上海国土资源》2008,(1):18-20,43

太湖流域经济发达,人口稠密,如管理不善将引发水污染严重、水环境恶化和水质型缺水等水问题,对饮用水安全构成威胁。因此,地下水在保障太湖流域饮用水安全中的作用就显得特别重要,提出了太湖流域地下水保护的对策措施。  相似文献   

Towards a nonperturbation transport theory in hetereogeneous aquifers     

Sergio E. Serrano 《Mathematical Geology》1996,28(6):701-721

A large body of existing theories of flow and contaminant transport in aquifers ignore the presence of recharge, eliminate the boundary conditions, neglect transient conditions in groundwater flow, conceive hydraulic gradients as linear, and require parameter variability to be stationary and Gaussian. The most outstanding and difficult to justify assumption is the subjective small size of the stochastic terms (i.e., small perturbation methods), which usually is forced by considering the logarithm of the hydraulic conductivity. Several problems in flow and contaminant subsurface hydrology, such as the enhanced dispersion parameters with plume size or time after injection, remain to be observed in the light of a stochastic theory that allows a more realistic consideration of physical and hydrologic properties. In this article, an attempt is made to reformulate a contaminant transport equation (the variable dispersion equation, VDE) with transport parameters in terms of regional hydrologic and aquifer hydraulic properties, such as recharge rate, spatially random transmissivity, hydraulic gradient, aquifer thickness, and soil porosity. Subsequently, a general analytic procedure, the method of decomposition, is used to derive a solution to the VDE. This procedure does not require small perturbation, logarithmic transformations, or specific probability law assumptions. Comparison tests with existing theoretical and field results are given. The tests illustrate the enhanced dispersion and shifting concentration effects produced by the variable dispersion equation. Finally a generalization of the method to nonstationary dispersion in three-dimensional domains is proposed.  相似文献   

Commentary and critique of “accounting for mineral resources: Issues and BEA's initial estimates”     

DeVerle Harris  Michael Rieber 《Natural Resources Research》1996,5(1):7-21

The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), U.S. Department of Commerce, in keeping with broad international efforts to green national gross domestic product (GDP) accounts, has attempted to create satellite accounts for mineral depletion. The present paper criticizes the BEA's unit rent measure of resource depletion, which is based upon Hotelling's pure theory of exhaustion. Following a thorough criticism of Hotelling's theory as a real-world model of mineral prices, practical issues related to the treatment of recycling, exploration, definition of reserves/resources, and their valuation/exploitation are introduced. For crude oil and natural gas and the nonfuel minerals, specific application problems of joint products and residuals complicate BEA's assumptions and efforts.  相似文献   

Estimation of statistical parameters for censored lognormal hydraulic conductivity measurements     

Xian-Huan Wen 《Mathematical Geology》1994,26(6):717-731

Field tests of hydraulic conductivity (e.g., injection test, pumping test, etc.) in low permeability formations are subject to censoring due to the detection limit of the instruments used. An iterative method of estimating the mean and variance of hydraulic conductivity data with a presumed log-normal distribution function is presented. This method accounts for the data that are actually below the lower detection limit (called truncated data) and thus gives distribution parameters that are more representative for the underlying distribution. The proposed method is then tested on two simulated normally distributed random datasets having different variances. The results show that the means and variances estimated by the proposed method are very accurate. Finally, the method is used to estimate the mean and variance of hydraulic conductivity data from single hole water injection tests in a fractured geological formation.  相似文献